Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an enlarged prostate. It is an increase in the size of the prostate gland. BPH is very common in older men. It is not directly connected to prostate cancer.
The symptoms of BPH are caused by the pressure that a larger prostate can place on the urethra. The urethra is the narrow tube that carries urine from the bladder and out of the body.
Men with BPH may experience a frequent urge to urinate. They may also have a weak stream of urine when they do go and a feeling that the bladder is not empty after urination. Your doctor may choose to just monitor this condition or prescribe medications such as alpha-blockers for treatment. Severe cases can be treated with surgery.
Urinary incontinence is a loss of bladder control. It results in the unwanted leakage of urine. This condition can be inconvenient and embarrassing, but it is far from uncommon. According to the AUAF, more than 15 million people in the United States have incontinence.
There are a number of things that can cause incontinence. A few of the most common causes include:
diabetes
pregnancy or childbirth
overactive bladder
enlarged prostate
weak bladder muscles
weak sphincter muscles (muscles supporting the urethra)
urinary tract infections
diseases including Parkinson’s and multiple sclerosis
injury to the spinal cord
severe constipation
In some cases, lifestyle changes such as controlling fluid intake can be enough to address the problem. If these approaches prove ineffective, your doctor may suggest surgery to correct the underlying cause.
UTIs are the result of pathogenic bacteria or viruses that invade the urinary tract and cause infection. They are much more common in women, although men can get them too. According to the AUAF, roughly 40 percent of females and 12 percent of males will have a UTI that causes noticeable symptoms at some point in their lives. A burning sensation during urination is one of the symptoms of a UTI. Others include a frequent urge to urinate and the feeling that the bladder is not completely empty after urinating. Antibiotics can usually clear up most UTIs within five to seven days.
Stones develop in the kidneys when there are crystals in the urine and small particles surround and collect on these crystals. Ureteral stones are ones that move from the kidney into the ureter (the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder).
These stones can block urine flow and cause a considerable amount of pain. Many people end up expelling small stones from the body without medical help, but larger stones may result in blockage, which is problematic.
Medical or surgical procedures may be needed in some instances, to remove large stones. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is one of the most commonly used techniques. The procedure involves using sound waves to break stones into smaller pieces so that they can more easily exit the body.
Some other common urological conditions include:
prostate cancer
bladder cancer
bladder prolapse
hematuria (blood in the urine)
erectile dysfunction (ED)
interstitial cystitis (also called painful bladder syndrome)
overactive bladder
prostatitis (swelling of the prostate gland)